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我国在(zai)“十三五”新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)车试点专项(xiang)的(de)共性(xing)(xing)(xing)关键(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)类研究项(xiang)目“高比能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)锂(li)(li)离子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”中(zhong)提出：到 2020年(nian)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)单(dan)体(ti)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)密(mi)度≥300 Wh/kg，循环寿(shou)命(ming)≥1500 次，成(cheng)本(ben)≤0.8 元(yuan)/Wh，安(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)达到国标(biao)(biao)要求。工(gong)信部(bu)发布的(de)《中(zhong)国制造2025》中(zhong)，2020年(nian)动(dong)力锂(li)(li)离子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)密(mi)度期望(wang)达到350Wh/kg。实现上述目标(biao)(biao)的(de)关键(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之一是负(fu)极(ji)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)从石墨转变为(wei)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)基(ji)(ji)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)具有最高的(de)理(li)(li)论嵌锂(li)(li)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)（4200 mAh/g, 对应Li22Si5相 ），脱锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位低(di)（低(di)于(yu)1.0V vs. Li+/Li），丰富(fu)的(de)资源(yuan)，较好的(de)倍率(lv)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)，很早就(jiu)开始(shi)获(huo)得关注。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)嵌锂(li)(li)后形成(cheng)锂(li)(li)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)合金，体(ti)积(ji)逐渐膨胀，体(ti)积(ji)变化(hua)(hua)(hua)与可逆容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)成(cheng)正比，4200mAh/g对应的(de)理(li)(li)论体(ti)积(ji)变化(hua)(hua)(hua)为(wei)320%，而实际(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)一般要求全(quan)生命(ming)周(zhou)期膨胀率(lv)小于(yu)10%，甚至5%。因此硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)负(fu)极(ji)实际(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)受(shou)到电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)最大允(yun)许体(ti)积(ji)膨胀的(de)制约。此外，大的(de)体(ti)积(ji)变化(hua)(hua)(hua)导(dao)(dao)致颗粒容(rong)(rong)(rong)易(yi)粉化(hua)(hua)(hua)，极(ji)片容(rong)(rong)(rong)易(yi)从集流体(ti)脱落。暴露在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液中(zhong)的(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)负(fu)极(ji)表面(mian)还不容(rong)(rong)(rong)易(yi)形成(cheng)稳定的(de)表面(mian)钝(dun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)膜（SEI），导(dao)(dao)致电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)首(shou)周(zhou)及每周(zhou)库仑效率(lv)较低(di)，全(quan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)循环性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)较差(cha)。为(wei)了(le)解决这些难题，在(zai)过去20年(nian)提出了(le)多(duo)(duo)种(zhong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)解决手段，目前复(fu)合材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)可逆容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)450mAh/g以(yi)下的(de)碳包(bao)覆(fu)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)亚硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、碳包(bao)覆(fu)纳米(mi)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)碳复(fu)合材料(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)循环性(xing)(xing)(xing)、倍率(lv)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)方面(mian)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)能(neng)(neng)(neng)满(man)足应用要求，已开始(shi)小批量(liang)(liang)(liang)进入电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)工(gong)具等市场。但(dan)450mAh/g以(yi)上的(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)基(ji)(ji)负(fu)极(ji)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)应用还有很多(duo)(duo)技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)挑战。高容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)基(ji)(ji)负(fu)极(ji)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)否显著提升(sheng)锂(li)(li)离子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)体(ti)积(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)密(mi)度和(he)质量(liang)(liang)(liang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)密(mi)度，满(man)足各(ge)类应用的(de)综合技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)指标(biao)(biao)，突破关键(jian)工(gong)程放大技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)经济(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)超越石墨类负(fu)极(ji)，是实现我国新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)车动(dong)力电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以(yi)及多(duo)(duo)个应用领域技(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)腾飞(fei)的(de)关键(jian)。

有(you)鉴(jian)于(yu)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)基(ji)(ji)负(fu)(fu)极(ji)(ji)(ji)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)发展对于(yu)推动我国下一代高能(neng)量密度(du)(du)锂离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池技术的(de)(de)(de)(de)进步，提升相关企业核心竞(jing)争(zheng)力具有(you)十(shi)分(fen)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意义(yi)，我们特别(bie)组织本次会议，讨(tao)论和(he)交流硅(gui)(gui)(gui)基(ji)(ji)负(fu)(fu)极(ji)(ji)(ji)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)础科学问题，纳米硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)亚硅(gui)(gui)(gui)及(ji)其它形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)前躯体(ti)，不同微观(guan)结构和(he)组成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)基(ji)(ji)负(fu)(fu)极(ji)(ji)(ji)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，前躯体(ti)及(ji)复(fu)合材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高水(shui)平(ping)制造技术与制造装备，硅(gui)(gui)(gui)负(fu)(fu)极(ji)(ji)(ji)应用匹配的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)解液、导电(dian)(dian)(dian)添加(jia)剂(ji)、粘(zhan)接剂(ji)、复(fu)合石墨负(fu)(fu)极(ji)(ji)(ji)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)、各类正极(ji)(ji)(ji)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，高能(neng)量密度(du)(du)电(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)设计、制造、化(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)工(gong)艺、电(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)学性能(neng)、安全性能(neng)，硅(gui)(gui)(gui)负(fu)(fu)极(ji)(ji)(ji)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)及(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)测试(shi)方法和(he)测试(shi)标准，目前采(cai)用硅(gui)(gui)(gui)负(fu)(fu)极(ji)(ji)(ji)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)锂离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)各项技术指标达到的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)未(wei)来(lai)可(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)极(ji)(ji)(ji)限(xian)等问题。本次研(yan)讨(tao)会，将(jiang)诚挚邀请(qing)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)基(ji)(ji)负(fu)(fu)极(ji)(ji)(ji)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)上下游的(de)(de)(de)(de)专(zhuan)家学者(zhe)、研(yan)究生(sheng)、工(gong)程技术人员等共聚一堂、充分(fen)交流、集思广益、相互(hu)切磋(cuo)，以(yi)期实(shi)质性促进我国硅(gui)(gui)(gui)负(fu)(fu)极(ji)(ji)(ji)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)发和(he)产业化(hua)(hua)(hua)。